1. Cold and Heat Source Units
a. Electric-Driven Compression Chiller
An electric-driven compression chiller utilizes Freon or ammonia as refrigerants, with Freon being the preferred choice for most residential and commercial refrigeration applications. These chillers can be classified based on their cooling medium into air-cooled and water-cooled types. Furthermore, based on the compressor type, they can be divided into piston, screw, and centrifugal models. Additionally, in terms of the heat or cold source provided, they are categorized into water chilling units and heat pump units.
b. Piston Water Chilling Unit
A piston water chilling unit consists of piston refrigeration compressors, air-cooled or water-cooled condensers, thermal expansion valves, and evaporators. These units are equipped with both automatic and manual energy regulation as well as safety protection systems. The commonly used water-cooled piston chillers operate with a condenser inlet and outlet water temperature of 32°C and 37°C, while the evaporator outlet chilled water temperature is set at 7°C. The cooling capacity of these units ranges from 35kW to 580kW.
c. Screw Water Chilling Unit
A screw water chilling unit is a fully integrated refrigeration system composed of a screw refrigeration compressor, condenser, evaporator, thermal expansion valve, oil separator, automatic control components, and instrumentation. The water-cooled screw chiller typically operates at a condenser inlet and outlet water temperature of 32°C and 37°C, with chilled water at 7°C at the evaporator outlet. Its cooling capacity ranges from 580kW to 1163kW.
d. Centrifugal Water Chilling Unit
A centrifugal water chilling unit is an integrated system containing a centrifugal refrigeration compressor, condenser, evaporator, throttling mechanism, adjustment mechanism, and various control components. This type of chiller has a large cooling capacity, making it suitable for large central air conditioning systems. The water-cooled centrifugal chillers commonly operate with condenser inlet and outlet water temperatures of 32°C and 37°C, and chilled water at 7°C from the evaporator outlet. The single-unit capacity typically exceeds 1163kW, making centrifugal chillers ideal for large-scale applications.
e. Heat Pump Unit
A heat pump unit follows several different circulation processes. However, regardless of the type, each system includes four essential refrigeration components, along with additional elements such as a four-way reversing solenoid valve and one-way valve. These additional components allow precise control of refrigerant flow depending on whether the unit is operating in cooling or heating mode. Heat pump units are categorized into air-cooled heat pumps, water-source heat pumps, and soil-based heat pumps, based on their cooling method.
2. Cleanroom AHU (Air Handling Unit)
A cleanroom AHU ensures precise regulation of temperature, humidity, air purification, and sterilization through various heat and moisture management technologies. This system provides high-quality air purification to maintain controlled environmental conditions necessary for cleanroom applications.
Key Features:
- Customizable Air Volume Range: Adjustable between 3,500m³/h to 200,000m³/h, allowing users to select and configure the system as needed.
- Wide Application Scope: Ideal for air purification systems in clean workshops, including:
- Electronics manufacturing
- Precision machinery production
- Textile workshops
- Automobile spray painting facilities
- GMP-compliant pharmaceutical factories
- Cosmetics and food processing plants
- Pure water treatment workshops
- Hospital operating rooms and ICUs
Structural Classifications:
- Horizontal, vertical, and ceiling-mounted configurations provide flexibility in system installation.
- Usage-based divisions include general air units, fresh air units, purification units, and specialized air units (such as roof, subway, and computer room units).
- System classification follows rated air volume capacity, ensuring compatibility with diverse operational needs.
Purification Unit Functional Design:
The layout of the purification unit functional sections is determined based on cleanroom requirements and production processes. These sections must be integrated with the air-conditioning room design and carefully managed to prevent microbial contamination.
Components such as the cabinet, filter, muffler, and humidifier can become potential sources of microbial contamination due to their structural properties and environmental conditions. To mitigate this risk, these components must be manufactured using disinfection-resistant, heat-preserving, and corrosion-proof materials. Additionally, antibacterial substances—commonly found in refrigeration systems—are recommended. The purification system must also meet filter performance standards, and components such as mufflers and humidifiers should not retain contaminants.
3. Functional Sections of the Air Conditioning Unit
New Return Air Mixing Section
The return air intake can be placed at the end, top, or sides of the unit, with dedicated openings for specialized requirements. The system can be equipped with manual, electric, or pneumatic regulating valves, allowing users to adjust airflow as needed.
Filter Section
Two levels of filtration—primary and medium-efficiency—are integrated within the system. Filtration options include diamond bag-type, four-peak bag-type, and automatic winding-type filters, made from high-quality polyester non-woven fabric. The filter assembly allows quick installation and removal, with gland display and alarm functionalities for operational safety.
Exhaust Section (Flat Air-Distribution Mixing Section)
This section incorporates a primary air return valve within the unit. The box top features exhaust and fresh air outlets, each equipped with adjustable regulating valves.
- If a return fan is present, a portion of the return air is discharged, allowing fresh air and primary return air to mix at a predefined ratio.
- During transition seasons, when the direct current system is used, the primary return air valve is closed, and the exhaust and fresh air valves are fully opened.
Energy Recovery Section
In dual-fan systems, this section facilitates exhaust air energy recovery. A primary air return valve is positioned within the box, while the top portion houses an energy recovery device.
- The exhaust air cold (or heat) is used to indirectly cool (or heat) fresh air, improving efficiency.
- The plate energy recovery system recovers approximately 60% of the sensible heat energy from the exhaust air, without direct air contact.
- This section is particularly useful for DC air-conditioning systems designed to remove harmful gases.
Intermediate Maintenance Section
This section provides a transition between system segments and accommodates internal lighting for maintenance access. Before and after filtration, a maintenance section is required near the surface cooling, heating, and muffler sections.
Secondary Air Return Section
This section includes a top-mounted adjustable valve, configurable for manual, electric, or pneumatic adjustment. It can also be incorporated into the blower section.
Surface Cooling Section
The surface cooler consists of copper tubing with aluminum foil, which features flanged and corrugated edges for optimal heat exchange efficiency.
- Large elbow heat exchangers reduce welding joints by 60%, enhancing performance.
- Mechanical expansion tube technology ensures high-contact efficiency.
- Users can select between fixed and rotary heat exchanger models.
- The heating medium can be either steam or hot water.